Entrepreneurial Action, Creativity, and Judgment in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Key Finding
AI does not simply automate entrepreneurial tasks — it challenges the very concepts of action, creativity, and judgment that define what entrepreneurship is.
Overview
This paper is an early and foundational articulation of the questions that would become the Cyborg Entrepreneurship research program. It asks how artificial intelligence challenges three foundational concepts in entrepreneurship theory: action (what does it mean to act entrepreneurially when AI acts alongside you?), creativity (can machines be creative, and does it matter?), and judgment (what happens to entrepreneurial judgment when algorithmic recommendations are available?).
Contribution to the Research Program
This is the seed paper for the Cyborg Entrepreneurship program. Published in 2019, it laid out the core questions that subsequent work — on Knightian uncertainty and AI, on algorithmic hallucinations, on the expectations game — would develop in detail. It remains the clearest single statement of why AI matters for entrepreneurship theory, not just practice.
Key Insights
- AI challenges not just entrepreneurial practice but the foundational concepts of entrepreneurship theory
- Action, creativity, and judgment are all destabilized when AI becomes an active participant in the entrepreneurial process
- The paper anticipates the need for a new theoretical framework — what would become cyborg entrepreneurship